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2011-05-18 12:02:37 UTC
THE MESSAGE OF ISLAM
By Syed Abul Ala Maududi
Paper read on behalf of Syed Abul Ala Maududi at the International
Islamic Conference in London, April 1976).
Let me begin by clarifying that for us Islam is not the name of some
unique faith presented for the first time by Mohammad (peace be upon
him) who should, on that account be called the founder of Islam. The
Qur’an makes it abundantly clears that Islam—the complete submission
of man before God—is the one and only faith consistently revealed by
God to mankind from the very beginning. Noah, Abraham, Moses and Christ
—prophets who appeared at different times and places—all propagated
the same faith. They were not founders of faiths to be named after
them. They were each reiterating the faith of their predecessors.'
II. What distinguishes Mohammad from the other
Prophets?
(i) He was the last Prophet of God.
(ii) God revived through him the same
genuine faith, which had been conveyed by all the Prophets.
(iii) This original message was corrupted,
and split into various religions by people of different ages, who
indulged in interpolations and admixture. God eliminated these alien
elements and Islam, in its pure and original form, was transmitted to
mankind through Mohammad.
(iv) Since there was to be no messenger after
Mohammad, the Book revealed to him was preserved word for word2 so
that it should be a source of guidance for all times.3
(v) The life of Mohammad, and the manner in
which he conducted himself, was also recorded in a unique manner by
his companions and by later compilers of the Tradition. A more
complete and authentic account of the life, sayings, and actions, of
any Prophet or historical personage, has never been compiled.4
(vi) In this way, the Qur’an and the
authentic Sunnah of the Prophet together became a reliable source of
knowing what is Islam, what it stands for, what guidance it provides,
and what obligations it places upon us.
III. As Muslims, we believe in all the Prophets who
preceded Mohammad— not only those who are mentioned in the Qur’an, but
also those who are not so mentioned and this is such an integral part
of our faith that if we were to abandon it we should cease to be
Muslims. But for instruction we turn to Prophet Mohammad alone Not on
account of any prejudice, but because
a) As the last of God's Prophets he
brought us the latest divine dis¬pensation,
b) The Word of God which reached us
through Mohammad is pure divine language, free of human admixtures,
and preserved in its original form Its language is a living language,
spoken, written and understood by millions of people, and whose
grammar, vocabulary, idiom, pronunciation, and script have remained
unchanged from the time of revelation till today
c) As 1 have said earlier, we have a
complete historical record of the life, character, conduct, sayings,
and actions of the Prophet Mohammad, preserved with meticulous care,
accuracy and detail since this cannot be said of other prophets we can
believe in them but we cannot emulate them
IV. It is our belief that Mohammad's mission was for the
world as a whole and for all times, for,
(i) Its universality has been clearly
confirmed by the Qur’an,
(ii) It is a logical consequence of the
finality of his prophet hood. A prophet, after whom there was to be no
other, had to be a guide and leader for all men and for all ages,
(iii) God has provided through him a
complete code which man needs to follow the right path, and this in
itself, supports the concept of finality, because without completeness
the need for other prophets would remain
(iv) It is a fact that during the last 1400
years no man has arisen whose life and work bears even the slightest
resemblance to that of a prophet. Nor has anyone presented a book,
which could be remotely considered as divine communication. Still less
has there been a man to claim legitimate authority as a lawgiver for
mankind.
V. It must, at this point, be understood why the need
arose for God to communicate with man through His prophets. This has
to be examined in the context of the sources of human knowledge .At
the preliminary stage we gain knowledge through empirical observation.
At higher levels comes deductive reasoning accompanied by scientific
investigation. Man is sufficiently well equipped in these fields not
to require direct divine assistance. Though, no doubt, there is an
ever present divine will help man in his research and innovative
endeavors and revealing to him progressively the mysteries of His
creation. Some gifted individuals achieve, in moments of rare
inspiration, new insights or discover new laws of nature. But there is
another type of knowledge, which is beyond the reach of our senses or
scientific study. This sphere of knowledge does not submit to any
instrument of scientific examination. Philosophy and science can only
speculate about it. Human theories about ultimate realities, based on
reason, never achieve the level of certainty, and their authors,
conscious of their limitations do not present them as conclusively
proved. In respect of these realities man is dependent on whatever
knowledge is communicated to him by God. How is this knowledge
conveyed? Not through the operations of some publishing house, where
books are printed and handed over to each man, with instructions to
read them, and to discover the truth about himself, about the
universe, and about the manner in which he should organize his life.
To convey this knowledge to mankind, God chooses prophets as His
messengers. He reveals the truth to them and they communicate it to
the people.
VI. The work of a prophet is not limited to communication
of the knowledge alone. He has to explain, according to what is
revealed to him, the relationship between God and man and man and man
as it factually is, and, as it actually should be He has to prescribe
a moral code, enunciate the principles of culture and civilization,
lay down the mode of worship, establish a frame-work of belief, and
define the moral imperatives, which must govern our life. The Prophet
determines the rules, which should form the basis of social and
cultural relationship, economic. Judicial, and political dealing,
matters of war and peace, and international affairs. The Prophet does
not transmit merely a code of rituals commonly regarded as 'religion'.
He brings with him a whole system of thought and action, which is
called Al-Deen (a complete way of life) in Islamic terminology.
VII. The mission of a prophet does not end with the
announcement of this way of life to the world at large. He has to
guide the people who follow him, explaining to them the implications
of the Islamic creed, the moral code, the divine injunctions and
commandments, and the form of worship that sustains the whole system.
He has to demonstrate, by practice, the faith he preaches, and his
life should be a model which people may be able to follow to organize
his own lives. He must give training to the individuals and the Muslim
society as a whole to prepare them for practical participation in the
evolution of Islamic culture and civilization. The believers must grow
under his guidance into an organized community engaged in establishing
the Islamic system of life so that God's word should prevail upon all
other words.
Not all the Prophets completely succeeded in this mission.
There were many who failed not because of any personal fault or
inadequacy. They did not succeed because of the prejudice and
intolerance of the people or because the circumstances were not
favorable. But every prophet had the same mission, and it is a fact of
history that Mohammad succeeded in establishing the Kingdom of God on
earth, as it is in the heavens.
VIII. The audience of the Qur’an and the Prophet Mohammad was
the whole of mankind from the very outset, and those who accepted the
Word acquired the status of believers without any distinction. At no
time was the invitation of the Qur’an addressed to the people of any
particular area, race, tribe, colour or language .The Qur’an always
calls upon the "progeny of Adam” or "the mankind” to accept Islam. The
specific instructions and injunctions are meant for those who have
come to believe in Islam, and they are always addressed as "those who
believe " That the message of Islam was universal in character is
proved by the fact that those who accepted the message acquired equal
rights and status as believers, regardless of all differences of
origin. The Qur’an says, “The believers are all like brothers”. The
Prophet said: "those who subscribe to our beliefs, and adopt the
Islamic way of life, have the same rights and the same obligations as
we have. The Prophet announced, “Listen! You have one God as you have
one father (Adam). There is no distinction between an Arab and a non-
Arab. There is no preference for the black over the fair, or the fair
over the black. There is distinction only in submission to God. The
most virtuous among you is the most honourable in the eyes of God”.
IX. Among the fundamentals of Islam, the most important
is belief in one God, —not just the conviction that He exists or that
He is one—but that He alone is the Creator, Master, Ruler, and
Administrator of all that exists. The universe exists because God
wills it to exist, it functions because God wills it to function, and
God provides the sustenance and the energy, which everything of the
universe requires for its existence and growth. All the attributes of
Sovereignty reside in God alone, and no one else has a share in them
in the slightest degree. He alone possesses all the attributes of
Divinity, and no one other than God possesses any of those attributes.
He views the whole universe, and all that it contains, in a single
instantaneous glance. He has direct knowledge of the universe, and all
that is there in the universe. He knows not only its present, but its
past and its future as well. This omnipresence and omniscience is an
attribute of God alone and of no other. There was no ‘before’ him and
there is no ‘after’ him. He has been there always and will be there
always—eternal and abiding. All else is transient. He alone is
eternally living and present. He is no one’s progeny and He has no
progeny. Whatever exists, besides His self, is His own creation, and
no other can identify himself in any manner with the Lord of the
universe, or claim to be his son or daughter. He is man's single
Deity. To associate anyone in His worship is as great a sin as it is
an act of infidelity. He responds to man's prayers and He alone has
the power to accept or reject them. Not to ask of him is senseless
arrogance, and to turn to others is sheer ignorance. To seek of him
and also of others, is to associate equals with him.
X. The sovereignty of God in Islam is not just a
supernatural phenomenon. It covers all aspects of political and legal
sovereignty also and in these too no one other than God has any share.
In God alone vests the rightful authority to exercise power on this
earth, and over those whom God has created in it. No monarch, no royal
family, no elite class, no leader of any religious group, no demkcracy
established on the basis of the sovereignty of the people, can
participate in God's sovereignty. Whoever claims such a position is a
rebel, as are those who leave God and turn to other people in
obedience. Similarly, any institution or individual attempting to
assume political and legal sovereignty and restrict the jurisdiction
of God to spheres of personal law or religious duties is really a
usurper and a rebel. The truth is that no one can claim to be a
lawgiver on God’s earth, and no one can challenge the supreme
authority of God Almighty in any sphere.
XI. Certain natural consequences flow from this Islamic
concept of God.
(a) God alone is the real Deity and no one
other than God has any right to be worshipped by man.
(b) God alone has authority over the forces
of the universe, and he alone can fulfill or frustrate man's hopes.
Man should turn to Him alone in prayer. He should never imagine that
prayers could be addressed to anyone but God.
(c) God is the Master of man's destiny and
no one else can interfere with the fate of others or with his own
fate. Man’s hopes and fears must, therefore, be directed only to God.
No one else should be an object of fear or source of favour.
(d) God is the Creator of the world and He
alone has complete and direct knowledge of the reality of man and of
the world. Only He can guide man through the complicated course of
life and instruct him regard¬ing good and evil. Since God alone is the
Creator and the Master He has exclusive authority over the universe
and man. It is an act of blasphemy for man to become independent or
claim authority over other men. For man to become his own lawgiver to
accept the authority of any other individual or institution as such is
equally blasphemous. The ultimate Lawgiver and Master of His creation
on this earth is no other than God, and His law has the status of the
supreme law. Man can legislate subject to his Supreme law.
Beyond that he has no legislative authority.
XII. We now come to our second most important belief---
belief in Mohammad's prophet hood. God conveyed His message to man
through Mohammad. This took two forms:
(a) God revealed the Qur’an to the Prophet
in his own language.
(b) The Sunnah of the Prophet, which is an
unerring guide to man in respect of all that, is permissible and all
that is prohibited in the eyes of God. Without this belief in the
Prophet, belief in God would become a mere theoretical proposition. It
is the example of practical leadership, and the ideological guidance
provided by the Prophet, which transforms belief in God into a culture
and a civilization, and enables man to evolve a way of life.
We get through the Prophet not only rules of guidance, but a complete
scheme of values and a prac¬tical code of conduct. No one can be a
practicing Muslim unless he believes in the Prophet as he believes in
God.
XIII. The position of the Prophet has been so clearly defined
in Islam that we can know what he was and what he was not. The Prophet
is no more than a servant of God. He was to make people servants of
God and not servants of himself. At least seventeen times a day
Muslims recite in their prayers: “1 bear witness that Mohammad is a
servant of God and is His prophet.” The Qur’an leaves no doubt that
the Prophet is but a human being and has no share whatever in
Divinity. The Prophet is neither superhuman nor is he free of human
weaknesses. He owns no treasure of God, nor does he possess knowledge
of the unknown that he should become all knowing like God Almighty.
Leave alone being able to benefit others or cause them harm, the
Prophet cannot do so even in respect of himself. The precise task of
the Prophet is to communicate the message of God. He has no powers to
make people righteous and faithful. Nor can he call to account those
who refuse to believe, and he certainly has no power to punish them
for their disbelief. Should the Prophet himself choose to defy God or
fabricate things on behalf of God or make any change in the message
revealed to him, he will incur divine displeasure and punishment.
Mohammad is one of the Prophets of God, and above that he has no
status. He cannot by himself prohibit or permit anything. Without a
mandate from God he cannot legislate for the people. He has to
strictly conform to Divine commandments. Islam ensured that the
believers should not turn the Prophet into a demi-god. Some of the
earlier prophets suffered this fate at the hands of their followers.
They attributed all kinds of supernatural powers to their leaders and
made them into God's equals or progeny or incarnation. By discouraging
such exaggeration Islam has established the true position of the
Prophet as follows:
No one can claim to be a believer without believing in the
Prophet. He who obeys the Prophet, in fact, obeys God. God has not
designated any Prophet except to be obeyed according to His will. The
path of the Prophet is the path of Divine guidance. Whatever the
Prophet ordains must be accepted, and whatever he instructs to avoid,
must be avoided. The Prophet clarified this when he said: I am a
mortal like you. In matters revealed to me by God, you must obey my
instructions. But you know more about your own worldly affairs than I
do so my advice in these matters is not binding. The Sunnah of
Mohammad is, in fact an exposition of the purpose of the Qur’an, and
this exposition too was conveyed lo the Prophet by God Himself, as the
author of the Qur’an. The Prophet’s explanation of the Qur’an enjoys
divine sanction, and no one else can interpret Qur’an which may be in
conflict with or repugnant to the explanation given by the Prophet.
God declared the life of Mohammad as a model life. No one can be a
true believer unless he accepts the decision of the Prophet. Muslims
have not an independent position in a matter determined by the
Prophet. Before deciding any matter Muslims must first ascertain
whether God and His Prophet decided any analogous matter earlier, and
if a precedent exists they must follow it.
I hope I have clarified that God conveyed, through the
Prophet, to mankind not only a supreme law but also a permanent scheme
of values. That which is good, according to the Qur’an and the Sunnah,
is good for all times, and that which is evil, shall remain evil
forever. That which is enjoined as duty, in the Qur’an and the Sunnah,
shall always be a duty. What is declared permissible is permissible
forever, and what is prohibited is prohibited for all times. In this
law no amendment, deletion, addition, or abrogation, is possible
unless some person or community decides to renounce Islam. So long as
Muslims remain Muslims, it is impossible in their social and legal
system that something, which was evil yesterday, turns into good
today, and reverts to evil tomorrow
XIV. The third fundamental creed of Islam is belief in the
hereafter (Akhirah). Denial of the hereafter is the denial of Islam
even though one may have belief in God, in the Prophet, and in the
Qur’an. In its detailed form, this belief is composed of the following
essential elements:
(i) Man has not been unleashed on the
earth as an irresponsible savage. He is accountable to God for his
actions. Today's life is only a test and an examination At the end we
will all be called upon to render a complete account of our acts of
commission and omission to God.
(ii) The time for accountability is fixed
by God The tenure Allotted to mankind, on this earth, shall terminate
on the doomsday, when the present order will be annihilated and
replaced by another The whole human race will rise once again in the
new world.
(iii) That will be the time when they will
appear before God Almighty, and every one will face the consequences
of his personal acts in his in¬dividual capacity.
(iv) I he Judgment will rest not on God's own
knowledge alone. The requirements of due process of justice will be
fully observed. A complete record of the actions of every individual,
without the slightest alternation, will be put in the open Court, and
evidence, of different categories, will be presented to prove what was
done by man in private or in public, and the motives which inspired
his conduct.
(v) 1 here will be no undue intercession.
Neither bribery, nor advocacy against the truth will be tolerated No
one will be able to shift his burden to another. Even the closest
relations, friends, leaders, religious guides, or self-styled deities,
will not be able to offer any help to anyone man will stand by himself—
helpless and alone and render his account, and await the pronouncement
of the judgment, which shall be in the power of God alone.
(vi) The judgment will rest on one question
Did man conduct himself, in submission to God, in strict conformity
with the truth revealed to the Prophets, and with the conviction that
he will be held responsible for his conduct in life on the Day of
Judgment? If the answer is in the affirmative, the reward will be
Paradise, and if in the negative, Hell will be the punishment.
XV. Belief in the hereafter divides people into three
distinct categories. First, there are those who do not believe in the
hereafter and regard life on this earth as the only life. Naturally,
they judge good and evil by the results which manifest themselves in
this world If an action produces beneficial results it is good, and if
it brings about harmful results it is evil. Quite often the same
action is regarded as good when the results are good, and bad when its
results are bad. Second, those people who do not deny the hereafter,
but who depend on the intercession or atonement of some one to absolve
them of their sins. Among them there are some, who regard themselves
as God's chosen people, who will receive only nominal punishment
however grave their sins. This deprives them of the moral advantage,
which they could have derived from their belief in the hereafter. As a
result they also become very much like the people who deny the
hereafter. Third, arc those people who believe in the hereafter in the
form in which Islam presents it. They do not delude themselves that
they have any special relationship with God, or that anyone can
intercede on their behalf. They know that they alone are responsible
for their actions. For them the belief in the hereafter becomes a
great moral force. A person who has the conviction that he is fully
accountable for all his actions finds a permanent guard, stationed
within himself, who cautions him and admonishes him whenever he
deviates from the right path. There may be no court to summon him, no
policemen to apprehend him, no witnesses to accuse him, and no public
opinion to press him, but the guard within him is ever on the alert,
ready to seize him whenever he transgresses. The consciousness of this
inner presence makes man fear God even when he is all by himself. He
discharges his duties honestly, and refrains from doing anything,
which is prohibited. Should he succumb to temptation, and violate the
law of God, he is ever ready to offer sincere regrets, and to enter
into a firm contract with the future that he will not repeat the
mistake. There can be neither greater instrument of moral reformation
nor any better method to help man to develop a sound and stable
character. It is the hereafter, which helps men, under all
circumstances, to conform to God's scheme of permanent values. It is
for this reason that Islam attaches great importance to the belief in
the hereafter, and without it even the belief in God and the Prophet
is not sufficient for man's guidance.
XVI. A little earlier, I mentioned that Islam represents a
whole civilization, a complete culture, and a comprehensive world
order. It provides moral guidance in all walks of life. That is why
Islamic values arc not for the ascetic who renounces the world, but
for him who actively participates in different spheres of life, and
works within them. The moral values which people look for in convents,
monasteries, and cloisters, arc presented by Islam right in the
current of life. Heads of governments, governors of states, judges,
members of the armed forces and police services, elected
representatives of the people in the parliaments, leaders of finance,
trade and industry, college and university teachers, and students
alike receive guidance to organize their lives according to the
principles of Islam. There is no distinction in Islam between private
and public conduct. The same moral code, which one observes at home,
applies to one's conduct in public. Every institution of society and
every department of Government must conform to the laws of Islam.
Politics must be based on truth and justice. Nations should deal with
one another, on the basis of mutual recognition of rights, and due
discharge of obligations. Even if there has to be war, those engaged
in it should conduct themselves not as barbarians but as civilized
human beings. When man decides to submit to the will of God, and
accepts His law as the supreme law, and organizes his life in
accordance with the revealed moral code, on the principle of
accountability to God, the quality and character of his life cannot be
limited to the precincts of prayer halls. It must extend itself to
every sphere of his work as a man of God.
This briefly is what Islam stands for. This is no dream or
Utopia The Prophet of Islam, and his companions, developed and
established a complete model of Islam on this earth for mankind to
follow.
Translation of the few Verses from The Holy Qur’an
This is the Book, wherein is no doubt, a guidance to the god fearing
who believe in the Unseen, and perform the prayer, and spend of that
We have provided them; who believe in what has been sent down to these
[Mohammed] and what has been sent down before thee, and have faith in
the Hereafter; those are upon guidance from their Lord, those are the
ones who prosper. (Surah II, 1-4)
Say you: “We believe in God, and in that which has been sent down on
us and sent down on Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, and Jacob, and the
Tribes, and that which was given to Moses and Jesus and the Prophet,
of their Lord; we make no division bet¬ween any of them, and to I inn
we surrender.” (Sura II, 130)
It is not piety, that you turn your faces to the East and lo the West.
True piety is this; to believe in God, and the Last Day, the angels,
the Book, and the Prophets; to give of one’s substance, however
cherished, to kinsmen, and orphans, the needy, the traveller, beggars
and to ransom the slave; to perform the prayer; to pay the alms. And
they who fulfil their covenant…. and endure with fortitude misfortune,
hardship, and peril, these are they who are true in their faith, these
are the truly god fearing. (Sura 11, 172, 173)
Surely this Qur’an guides to the way that is the straightest and gives
good tidings to the believers who do deeds of righteousness…. Thy Lord
has decreed you shall not worship squander…. And keep not thy hand
chained to thy neck, nor outspread it widespread altogether, or thou
wilt sit reproached and denuded…. And approach not fornication; surely
it is a shameful, and evil as a way. And slay not the soul God has
for¬bidden…. And fill up the measure when you measure, and weigh with
the straight balance…. And walk not in the earth exultantly; certainly
thou wilt never tear the earth open, nor attain the mountains in
height. (Surah XVII, 9, 23-37)
IF YOU WISH TO KNOW MORE ABOUT ISLAM, WE PREFER TO VISIT THE
FOLLOWING WEBSITES:
http://www.islam-guide.com
http://www.islamhouse.com/s/9661
http://www.thisistruth.org
http://www.quran-m.com/firas/en1
http://kaheel7.com/eng
http://www.knowmuhammad.com
http://www.rasoulallah.net/v2/index.aspx?lang=e
http://imanway1.com/eng
http://www.todayislam.com
http://www.thekeytoislam.com
http://www.islamland.com
http://www.discoverislam.com
http://www.thetruereligion.org
http://www.beconvinced.com
http://islamtomorrow.com
http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/quran
http://www.quranforall.org
http://www.quranexplorer.com/quran
http://www.prophetmuhammed.org
http://www.chatislamonline.org/ar
http://www.dar-us-salam.com
http://youtubeislam.com
By Syed Abul Ala Maududi
Paper read on behalf of Syed Abul Ala Maududi at the International
Islamic Conference in London, April 1976).
Let me begin by clarifying that for us Islam is not the name of some
unique faith presented for the first time by Mohammad (peace be upon
him) who should, on that account be called the founder of Islam. The
Qur’an makes it abundantly clears that Islam—the complete submission
of man before God—is the one and only faith consistently revealed by
God to mankind from the very beginning. Noah, Abraham, Moses and Christ
—prophets who appeared at different times and places—all propagated
the same faith. They were not founders of faiths to be named after
them. They were each reiterating the faith of their predecessors.'
II. What distinguishes Mohammad from the other
Prophets?
(i) He was the last Prophet of God.
(ii) God revived through him the same
genuine faith, which had been conveyed by all the Prophets.
(iii) This original message was corrupted,
and split into various religions by people of different ages, who
indulged in interpolations and admixture. God eliminated these alien
elements and Islam, in its pure and original form, was transmitted to
mankind through Mohammad.
(iv) Since there was to be no messenger after
Mohammad, the Book revealed to him was preserved word for word2 so
that it should be a source of guidance for all times.3
(v) The life of Mohammad, and the manner in
which he conducted himself, was also recorded in a unique manner by
his companions and by later compilers of the Tradition. A more
complete and authentic account of the life, sayings, and actions, of
any Prophet or historical personage, has never been compiled.4
(vi) In this way, the Qur’an and the
authentic Sunnah of the Prophet together became a reliable source of
knowing what is Islam, what it stands for, what guidance it provides,
and what obligations it places upon us.
III. As Muslims, we believe in all the Prophets who
preceded Mohammad— not only those who are mentioned in the Qur’an, but
also those who are not so mentioned and this is such an integral part
of our faith that if we were to abandon it we should cease to be
Muslims. But for instruction we turn to Prophet Mohammad alone Not on
account of any prejudice, but because
a) As the last of God's Prophets he
brought us the latest divine dis¬pensation,
b) The Word of God which reached us
through Mohammad is pure divine language, free of human admixtures,
and preserved in its original form Its language is a living language,
spoken, written and understood by millions of people, and whose
grammar, vocabulary, idiom, pronunciation, and script have remained
unchanged from the time of revelation till today
c) As 1 have said earlier, we have a
complete historical record of the life, character, conduct, sayings,
and actions of the Prophet Mohammad, preserved with meticulous care,
accuracy and detail since this cannot be said of other prophets we can
believe in them but we cannot emulate them
IV. It is our belief that Mohammad's mission was for the
world as a whole and for all times, for,
(i) Its universality has been clearly
confirmed by the Qur’an,
(ii) It is a logical consequence of the
finality of his prophet hood. A prophet, after whom there was to be no
other, had to be a guide and leader for all men and for all ages,
(iii) God has provided through him a
complete code which man needs to follow the right path, and this in
itself, supports the concept of finality, because without completeness
the need for other prophets would remain
(iv) It is a fact that during the last 1400
years no man has arisen whose life and work bears even the slightest
resemblance to that of a prophet. Nor has anyone presented a book,
which could be remotely considered as divine communication. Still less
has there been a man to claim legitimate authority as a lawgiver for
mankind.
V. It must, at this point, be understood why the need
arose for God to communicate with man through His prophets. This has
to be examined in the context of the sources of human knowledge .At
the preliminary stage we gain knowledge through empirical observation.
At higher levels comes deductive reasoning accompanied by scientific
investigation. Man is sufficiently well equipped in these fields not
to require direct divine assistance. Though, no doubt, there is an
ever present divine will help man in his research and innovative
endeavors and revealing to him progressively the mysteries of His
creation. Some gifted individuals achieve, in moments of rare
inspiration, new insights or discover new laws of nature. But there is
another type of knowledge, which is beyond the reach of our senses or
scientific study. This sphere of knowledge does not submit to any
instrument of scientific examination. Philosophy and science can only
speculate about it. Human theories about ultimate realities, based on
reason, never achieve the level of certainty, and their authors,
conscious of their limitations do not present them as conclusively
proved. In respect of these realities man is dependent on whatever
knowledge is communicated to him by God. How is this knowledge
conveyed? Not through the operations of some publishing house, where
books are printed and handed over to each man, with instructions to
read them, and to discover the truth about himself, about the
universe, and about the manner in which he should organize his life.
To convey this knowledge to mankind, God chooses prophets as His
messengers. He reveals the truth to them and they communicate it to
the people.
VI. The work of a prophet is not limited to communication
of the knowledge alone. He has to explain, according to what is
revealed to him, the relationship between God and man and man and man
as it factually is, and, as it actually should be He has to prescribe
a moral code, enunciate the principles of culture and civilization,
lay down the mode of worship, establish a frame-work of belief, and
define the moral imperatives, which must govern our life. The Prophet
determines the rules, which should form the basis of social and
cultural relationship, economic. Judicial, and political dealing,
matters of war and peace, and international affairs. The Prophet does
not transmit merely a code of rituals commonly regarded as 'religion'.
He brings with him a whole system of thought and action, which is
called Al-Deen (a complete way of life) in Islamic terminology.
VII. The mission of a prophet does not end with the
announcement of this way of life to the world at large. He has to
guide the people who follow him, explaining to them the implications
of the Islamic creed, the moral code, the divine injunctions and
commandments, and the form of worship that sustains the whole system.
He has to demonstrate, by practice, the faith he preaches, and his
life should be a model which people may be able to follow to organize
his own lives. He must give training to the individuals and the Muslim
society as a whole to prepare them for practical participation in the
evolution of Islamic culture and civilization. The believers must grow
under his guidance into an organized community engaged in establishing
the Islamic system of life so that God's word should prevail upon all
other words.
Not all the Prophets completely succeeded in this mission.
There were many who failed not because of any personal fault or
inadequacy. They did not succeed because of the prejudice and
intolerance of the people or because the circumstances were not
favorable. But every prophet had the same mission, and it is a fact of
history that Mohammad succeeded in establishing the Kingdom of God on
earth, as it is in the heavens.
VIII. The audience of the Qur’an and the Prophet Mohammad was
the whole of mankind from the very outset, and those who accepted the
Word acquired the status of believers without any distinction. At no
time was the invitation of the Qur’an addressed to the people of any
particular area, race, tribe, colour or language .The Qur’an always
calls upon the "progeny of Adam” or "the mankind” to accept Islam. The
specific instructions and injunctions are meant for those who have
come to believe in Islam, and they are always addressed as "those who
believe " That the message of Islam was universal in character is
proved by the fact that those who accepted the message acquired equal
rights and status as believers, regardless of all differences of
origin. The Qur’an says, “The believers are all like brothers”. The
Prophet said: "those who subscribe to our beliefs, and adopt the
Islamic way of life, have the same rights and the same obligations as
we have. The Prophet announced, “Listen! You have one God as you have
one father (Adam). There is no distinction between an Arab and a non-
Arab. There is no preference for the black over the fair, or the fair
over the black. There is distinction only in submission to God. The
most virtuous among you is the most honourable in the eyes of God”.
IX. Among the fundamentals of Islam, the most important
is belief in one God, —not just the conviction that He exists or that
He is one—but that He alone is the Creator, Master, Ruler, and
Administrator of all that exists. The universe exists because God
wills it to exist, it functions because God wills it to function, and
God provides the sustenance and the energy, which everything of the
universe requires for its existence and growth. All the attributes of
Sovereignty reside in God alone, and no one else has a share in them
in the slightest degree. He alone possesses all the attributes of
Divinity, and no one other than God possesses any of those attributes.
He views the whole universe, and all that it contains, in a single
instantaneous glance. He has direct knowledge of the universe, and all
that is there in the universe. He knows not only its present, but its
past and its future as well. This omnipresence and omniscience is an
attribute of God alone and of no other. There was no ‘before’ him and
there is no ‘after’ him. He has been there always and will be there
always—eternal and abiding. All else is transient. He alone is
eternally living and present. He is no one’s progeny and He has no
progeny. Whatever exists, besides His self, is His own creation, and
no other can identify himself in any manner with the Lord of the
universe, or claim to be his son or daughter. He is man's single
Deity. To associate anyone in His worship is as great a sin as it is
an act of infidelity. He responds to man's prayers and He alone has
the power to accept or reject them. Not to ask of him is senseless
arrogance, and to turn to others is sheer ignorance. To seek of him
and also of others, is to associate equals with him.
X. The sovereignty of God in Islam is not just a
supernatural phenomenon. It covers all aspects of political and legal
sovereignty also and in these too no one other than God has any share.
In God alone vests the rightful authority to exercise power on this
earth, and over those whom God has created in it. No monarch, no royal
family, no elite class, no leader of any religious group, no demkcracy
established on the basis of the sovereignty of the people, can
participate in God's sovereignty. Whoever claims such a position is a
rebel, as are those who leave God and turn to other people in
obedience. Similarly, any institution or individual attempting to
assume political and legal sovereignty and restrict the jurisdiction
of God to spheres of personal law or religious duties is really a
usurper and a rebel. The truth is that no one can claim to be a
lawgiver on God’s earth, and no one can challenge the supreme
authority of God Almighty in any sphere.
XI. Certain natural consequences flow from this Islamic
concept of God.
(a) God alone is the real Deity and no one
other than God has any right to be worshipped by man.
(b) God alone has authority over the forces
of the universe, and he alone can fulfill or frustrate man's hopes.
Man should turn to Him alone in prayer. He should never imagine that
prayers could be addressed to anyone but God.
(c) God is the Master of man's destiny and
no one else can interfere with the fate of others or with his own
fate. Man’s hopes and fears must, therefore, be directed only to God.
No one else should be an object of fear or source of favour.
(d) God is the Creator of the world and He
alone has complete and direct knowledge of the reality of man and of
the world. Only He can guide man through the complicated course of
life and instruct him regard¬ing good and evil. Since God alone is the
Creator and the Master He has exclusive authority over the universe
and man. It is an act of blasphemy for man to become independent or
claim authority over other men. For man to become his own lawgiver to
accept the authority of any other individual or institution as such is
equally blasphemous. The ultimate Lawgiver and Master of His creation
on this earth is no other than God, and His law has the status of the
supreme law. Man can legislate subject to his Supreme law.
Beyond that he has no legislative authority.
XII. We now come to our second most important belief---
belief in Mohammad's prophet hood. God conveyed His message to man
through Mohammad. This took two forms:
(a) God revealed the Qur’an to the Prophet
in his own language.
(b) The Sunnah of the Prophet, which is an
unerring guide to man in respect of all that, is permissible and all
that is prohibited in the eyes of God. Without this belief in the
Prophet, belief in God would become a mere theoretical proposition. It
is the example of practical leadership, and the ideological guidance
provided by the Prophet, which transforms belief in God into a culture
and a civilization, and enables man to evolve a way of life.
We get through the Prophet not only rules of guidance, but a complete
scheme of values and a prac¬tical code of conduct. No one can be a
practicing Muslim unless he believes in the Prophet as he believes in
God.
XIII. The position of the Prophet has been so clearly defined
in Islam that we can know what he was and what he was not. The Prophet
is no more than a servant of God. He was to make people servants of
God and not servants of himself. At least seventeen times a day
Muslims recite in their prayers: “1 bear witness that Mohammad is a
servant of God and is His prophet.” The Qur’an leaves no doubt that
the Prophet is but a human being and has no share whatever in
Divinity. The Prophet is neither superhuman nor is he free of human
weaknesses. He owns no treasure of God, nor does he possess knowledge
of the unknown that he should become all knowing like God Almighty.
Leave alone being able to benefit others or cause them harm, the
Prophet cannot do so even in respect of himself. The precise task of
the Prophet is to communicate the message of God. He has no powers to
make people righteous and faithful. Nor can he call to account those
who refuse to believe, and he certainly has no power to punish them
for their disbelief. Should the Prophet himself choose to defy God or
fabricate things on behalf of God or make any change in the message
revealed to him, he will incur divine displeasure and punishment.
Mohammad is one of the Prophets of God, and above that he has no
status. He cannot by himself prohibit or permit anything. Without a
mandate from God he cannot legislate for the people. He has to
strictly conform to Divine commandments. Islam ensured that the
believers should not turn the Prophet into a demi-god. Some of the
earlier prophets suffered this fate at the hands of their followers.
They attributed all kinds of supernatural powers to their leaders and
made them into God's equals or progeny or incarnation. By discouraging
such exaggeration Islam has established the true position of the
Prophet as follows:
No one can claim to be a believer without believing in the
Prophet. He who obeys the Prophet, in fact, obeys God. God has not
designated any Prophet except to be obeyed according to His will. The
path of the Prophet is the path of Divine guidance. Whatever the
Prophet ordains must be accepted, and whatever he instructs to avoid,
must be avoided. The Prophet clarified this when he said: I am a
mortal like you. In matters revealed to me by God, you must obey my
instructions. But you know more about your own worldly affairs than I
do so my advice in these matters is not binding. The Sunnah of
Mohammad is, in fact an exposition of the purpose of the Qur’an, and
this exposition too was conveyed lo the Prophet by God Himself, as the
author of the Qur’an. The Prophet’s explanation of the Qur’an enjoys
divine sanction, and no one else can interpret Qur’an which may be in
conflict with or repugnant to the explanation given by the Prophet.
God declared the life of Mohammad as a model life. No one can be a
true believer unless he accepts the decision of the Prophet. Muslims
have not an independent position in a matter determined by the
Prophet. Before deciding any matter Muslims must first ascertain
whether God and His Prophet decided any analogous matter earlier, and
if a precedent exists they must follow it.
I hope I have clarified that God conveyed, through the
Prophet, to mankind not only a supreme law but also a permanent scheme
of values. That which is good, according to the Qur’an and the Sunnah,
is good for all times, and that which is evil, shall remain evil
forever. That which is enjoined as duty, in the Qur’an and the Sunnah,
shall always be a duty. What is declared permissible is permissible
forever, and what is prohibited is prohibited for all times. In this
law no amendment, deletion, addition, or abrogation, is possible
unless some person or community decides to renounce Islam. So long as
Muslims remain Muslims, it is impossible in their social and legal
system that something, which was evil yesterday, turns into good
today, and reverts to evil tomorrow
XIV. The third fundamental creed of Islam is belief in the
hereafter (Akhirah). Denial of the hereafter is the denial of Islam
even though one may have belief in God, in the Prophet, and in the
Qur’an. In its detailed form, this belief is composed of the following
essential elements:
(i) Man has not been unleashed on the
earth as an irresponsible savage. He is accountable to God for his
actions. Today's life is only a test and an examination At the end we
will all be called upon to render a complete account of our acts of
commission and omission to God.
(ii) The time for accountability is fixed
by God The tenure Allotted to mankind, on this earth, shall terminate
on the doomsday, when the present order will be annihilated and
replaced by another The whole human race will rise once again in the
new world.
(iii) That will be the time when they will
appear before God Almighty, and every one will face the consequences
of his personal acts in his in¬dividual capacity.
(iv) I he Judgment will rest not on God's own
knowledge alone. The requirements of due process of justice will be
fully observed. A complete record of the actions of every individual,
without the slightest alternation, will be put in the open Court, and
evidence, of different categories, will be presented to prove what was
done by man in private or in public, and the motives which inspired
his conduct.
(v) 1 here will be no undue intercession.
Neither bribery, nor advocacy against the truth will be tolerated No
one will be able to shift his burden to another. Even the closest
relations, friends, leaders, religious guides, or self-styled deities,
will not be able to offer any help to anyone man will stand by himself—
helpless and alone and render his account, and await the pronouncement
of the judgment, which shall be in the power of God alone.
(vi) The judgment will rest on one question
Did man conduct himself, in submission to God, in strict conformity
with the truth revealed to the Prophets, and with the conviction that
he will be held responsible for his conduct in life on the Day of
Judgment? If the answer is in the affirmative, the reward will be
Paradise, and if in the negative, Hell will be the punishment.
XV. Belief in the hereafter divides people into three
distinct categories. First, there are those who do not believe in the
hereafter and regard life on this earth as the only life. Naturally,
they judge good and evil by the results which manifest themselves in
this world If an action produces beneficial results it is good, and if
it brings about harmful results it is evil. Quite often the same
action is regarded as good when the results are good, and bad when its
results are bad. Second, those people who do not deny the hereafter,
but who depend on the intercession or atonement of some one to absolve
them of their sins. Among them there are some, who regard themselves
as God's chosen people, who will receive only nominal punishment
however grave their sins. This deprives them of the moral advantage,
which they could have derived from their belief in the hereafter. As a
result they also become very much like the people who deny the
hereafter. Third, arc those people who believe in the hereafter in the
form in which Islam presents it. They do not delude themselves that
they have any special relationship with God, or that anyone can
intercede on their behalf. They know that they alone are responsible
for their actions. For them the belief in the hereafter becomes a
great moral force. A person who has the conviction that he is fully
accountable for all his actions finds a permanent guard, stationed
within himself, who cautions him and admonishes him whenever he
deviates from the right path. There may be no court to summon him, no
policemen to apprehend him, no witnesses to accuse him, and no public
opinion to press him, but the guard within him is ever on the alert,
ready to seize him whenever he transgresses. The consciousness of this
inner presence makes man fear God even when he is all by himself. He
discharges his duties honestly, and refrains from doing anything,
which is prohibited. Should he succumb to temptation, and violate the
law of God, he is ever ready to offer sincere regrets, and to enter
into a firm contract with the future that he will not repeat the
mistake. There can be neither greater instrument of moral reformation
nor any better method to help man to develop a sound and stable
character. It is the hereafter, which helps men, under all
circumstances, to conform to God's scheme of permanent values. It is
for this reason that Islam attaches great importance to the belief in
the hereafter, and without it even the belief in God and the Prophet
is not sufficient for man's guidance.
XVI. A little earlier, I mentioned that Islam represents a
whole civilization, a complete culture, and a comprehensive world
order. It provides moral guidance in all walks of life. That is why
Islamic values arc not for the ascetic who renounces the world, but
for him who actively participates in different spheres of life, and
works within them. The moral values which people look for in convents,
monasteries, and cloisters, arc presented by Islam right in the
current of life. Heads of governments, governors of states, judges,
members of the armed forces and police services, elected
representatives of the people in the parliaments, leaders of finance,
trade and industry, college and university teachers, and students
alike receive guidance to organize their lives according to the
principles of Islam. There is no distinction in Islam between private
and public conduct. The same moral code, which one observes at home,
applies to one's conduct in public. Every institution of society and
every department of Government must conform to the laws of Islam.
Politics must be based on truth and justice. Nations should deal with
one another, on the basis of mutual recognition of rights, and due
discharge of obligations. Even if there has to be war, those engaged
in it should conduct themselves not as barbarians but as civilized
human beings. When man decides to submit to the will of God, and
accepts His law as the supreme law, and organizes his life in
accordance with the revealed moral code, on the principle of
accountability to God, the quality and character of his life cannot be
limited to the precincts of prayer halls. It must extend itself to
every sphere of his work as a man of God.
This briefly is what Islam stands for. This is no dream or
Utopia The Prophet of Islam, and his companions, developed and
established a complete model of Islam on this earth for mankind to
follow.
Translation of the few Verses from The Holy Qur’an
This is the Book, wherein is no doubt, a guidance to the god fearing
who believe in the Unseen, and perform the prayer, and spend of that
We have provided them; who believe in what has been sent down to these
[Mohammed] and what has been sent down before thee, and have faith in
the Hereafter; those are upon guidance from their Lord, those are the
ones who prosper. (Surah II, 1-4)
Say you: “We believe in God, and in that which has been sent down on
us and sent down on Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, and Jacob, and the
Tribes, and that which was given to Moses and Jesus and the Prophet,
of their Lord; we make no division bet¬ween any of them, and to I inn
we surrender.” (Sura II, 130)
It is not piety, that you turn your faces to the East and lo the West.
True piety is this; to believe in God, and the Last Day, the angels,
the Book, and the Prophets; to give of one’s substance, however
cherished, to kinsmen, and orphans, the needy, the traveller, beggars
and to ransom the slave; to perform the prayer; to pay the alms. And
they who fulfil their covenant…. and endure with fortitude misfortune,
hardship, and peril, these are they who are true in their faith, these
are the truly god fearing. (Sura 11, 172, 173)
Surely this Qur’an guides to the way that is the straightest and gives
good tidings to the believers who do deeds of righteousness…. Thy Lord
has decreed you shall not worship squander…. And keep not thy hand
chained to thy neck, nor outspread it widespread altogether, or thou
wilt sit reproached and denuded…. And approach not fornication; surely
it is a shameful, and evil as a way. And slay not the soul God has
for¬bidden…. And fill up the measure when you measure, and weigh with
the straight balance…. And walk not in the earth exultantly; certainly
thou wilt never tear the earth open, nor attain the mountains in
height. (Surah XVII, 9, 23-37)
IF YOU WISH TO KNOW MORE ABOUT ISLAM, WE PREFER TO VISIT THE
FOLLOWING WEBSITES:
http://www.islam-guide.com
http://www.islamhouse.com/s/9661
http://www.thisistruth.org
http://www.quran-m.com/firas/en1
http://kaheel7.com/eng
http://www.knowmuhammad.com
http://www.rasoulallah.net/v2/index.aspx?lang=e
http://imanway1.com/eng
http://www.todayislam.com
http://www.thekeytoislam.com
http://www.islamland.com
http://www.discoverislam.com
http://www.thetruereligion.org
http://www.beconvinced.com
http://islamtomorrow.com
http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/quran
http://www.quranforall.org
http://www.quranexplorer.com/quran
http://www.prophetmuhammed.org
http://www.chatislamonline.org/ar
http://www.dar-us-salam.com
http://youtubeislam.com